Test

Today we took a test and it was the last test of the 4th quarter. If we didn't have final exams that would've been the last test of the year. We have two days of school left, and then it's on to the exams. It was a two hour late bell and I didn't finish my lunch so I had to bring it to class with me, but I still didn't finish it because we had to take the test and my fries were cold by then.

going over stuff for the test tomorrow

These are the test questions for tomorrow:

• AD 476 to AD 1453 Middle Ages
• this new society has roots in:
• classical heritage of Rome 
• beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
• customs of various Germanic tribes
• overrun the western halp of the Roman Empire causing:
• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• population shifts to rural areas
• decline of learning
• tribes had oral tradition, songs, but couldn't read Greek or Latin
• Romance languages evolve (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian)
• few besides priests were literate
• Germanic warriors' loyalty is to the lord of the manor he provides them with food, weapons, treasure. Result:
• no orderly govt. for large areas
• small communities rule
• Clovis rules the Germani people of Gaul, known as the Franks.
• in 496 he has a  battlefield conversion - he and 3000 of his warriors become Christians
• the Church in Rome likes this
• by 511 the Franks are united into one kingdom, with Clovis and the Church working as partners
• in 520, Benedict writes rules for monks:
• vows of poverty (live simply in monasteries)
• chastity (no material relations)
• obedience (listen to church superiors)
• his sister Scholastica writes similar rules for nuns
• they operate schools, maintain libraries, copy books
• Church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads, and raise armies. this is a theocracy.
• ost of the rest of Europe consists of smaller kingdoms
• Hammer defeats a Muslim raiding party from Span at the Battle of Tours

Germanic Kingdoms Unite under Charlemagne

So basically for the class we went over the same stuff that we did before on the slides throughout the week.

• 476-1453 AD: Romulus Augustulus: 13 year old emperor was told to step down, deposed as emperor. no more emperor, no more empire.
• this new society has roots in:
• classical heritage of Rome
• beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
• customs of various Germanic tribes
• overturn the western half of the Roman empire
• causing: (TEST QUESTION)
• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• population shifts to rural areas,
• decline of learning
• tribes had oral tradition, songs, but couldn't read Greek or Latin
• Romance languages evolve (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian)
• few besides priests were literate
• Germanic warriors' loyalty is to the lord of the manor he provides them w/food, weapons, treasure
• result:
• no orderly government for large areas
• small communities rule
• Clovis rules the Germanic people of Gaul, known as the Franks (which is where "France" comes from)
• in 496 he has a battlefield conversion-he and 3000 of his warriors became Christians
• the Church in Rome likes this
• by 511 the Franks are united into one kingdom, with Clovis and the Church working as partners
• Church + Frankish rulers  = rise in Christianity
• in 520, Benadict writes rules for monks:
• vows of poverty (live simply in monasteries)
• chastity (no marital relations)
• obedience (listen to church superiors)
• Pope Gregory 1 ( Gregory the Great) goes secular (worldly power)
• church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads, and raise armies
• this is a theocracy
• Gregory's spiritual kingdom (Christendom) extends from Italy to England, from Spain to Germany
• Clovis rules  the Franks in Gaul until his death in 511.
• most of the rest of Europe consists of smaller kingdoms (seven in England alone)
• Clovis' desendants include Charles Martel, known as Charles the Hammer (great name!)
• Hammer defeats a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732
• (if he hadn't won, western Europe could have become part of the Muslim Empire - that's huge!)
• Charles Martel's son is Pepin the Short
• he works with the church and is named "king" by the grace of God by the pope (Popes do that?)
• Pepin the Short dies in 768, leaving two sons
• Son #1 - Carloman - dies in 771
• Son #2 - is Charles, known as Charlemagne, meaning Charles the Great
• six feet four inches of rocking ruling warrior greatness!
• Treaty of Verdun - the three grandsons of Charlemagne split the empire up into three parts 

More Middle Ages

• describe how Christianity evolved from a "cult" into the full huge biggest religion in the world. (ESSAY QUESTION)
• a European Empire Evolves
• Franks control largest European kingdom
• the Roman province formerly known as Gaul
• Ruled by Clovis - the Merovingian Dynasty
• Major domo - mayor of the palace - ruled the kingdom
• Charles Martel - Charles the Hammer
• extended the Franks' reign to the north, south, and east.
• defeated a Muslim army from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732 - historic battle!
• (that's as far as we got)

Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne

Main idea: many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire
Why it matters now!: Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout northern Europe, which is where many of us came from.
Middle Ages = medieval period
500 - 1500 AD
medieval Europe is fragmented
1. invasions and constant warfare spark trends
     a. disruption of trade
          i. Europe's cities are no longer economic centers
          ii. money is scarce
     b. downfall of cities
          i. cities are no longer centers of administration
     c. population shifts
          i. nobles retreat to the rural areas
          ii. cities don't have strong leadership
2.invasions trigger changes in western Europe (cont.)
     a. decline of learning
          i. Germanic invaders are illiterate, but they communicate through oral tradition
          ii. only priests and church officials could read and write
          iii. Knowledge of Greek (and literature, science, philosophy) is almost lost
     b. loss of a common language
          i. dialects develop...
3. Germanic kingdoms emerge
     a. the concept of govt. changes
          i. Roman society: loyal to public govt.
          ii. Germanic society: loyal to family
               1. Germanic chief led warriors
               2. during peace, he provided food, weapons, treasure, a place to live (the lord's hall)
               3. During wartime, warriors fought for the lord
          iii. "the king? who's that? you want to collect taxes from me? who the hech are you?"
          IV. franks live in the Roman province of Gaul - their leader is Clovis
     b. the Franks under Clovis
          i. another battlefield conversion! (just like Constantine!)
          ii. Clovis and 3000 of his warriors are baptized by the bishop
          iii. the church in Rome approves of this "alliance"
          IV. Clovis and the church begin to work together
4. Germanic peoples adopt Christianity
     a. 511 AD - Clovis unites Franks into one kingdom
     b. 600 AD - church + Frankish rulers convert many
     c. fear of Muslims in southern Europe spur many to become Christians
     4. Monasteries and convents
          i. 520 AD - Benedict wrote the rules for monks and monasteries
               1. poverty, chastity, obedience, study
          ii. his sister Scholastica did the same for nuns...
     5. (pope) Gregory 1 expands papal power
          a. papacy=pope's office
          b. secular power=worldly power
          c. so... under Gregory the great...
papal power (power of the pope) is political power.
presented from the pope's palace
          d. the church can use church money to:
               raise armies
               repair roads
               help the poor
          e. Gregory the Great began to act as mayor of Rome, and as head of an earthly kingdom (Christendom)

Middle Ages

• feudalism: a political, military and economic system based on land-holding and protected alliances.
• in other words: the system is based on personal loyalty to people who can help you
• rich dude (lord): "I own land; I need people to help me work and defend it."
• tough dudes (vassals): "There are a lot of us, we can help the rich dudes hold onto their land."
• (in order)
• KING
• the most powerful VASSALS (NOBLES and BISHOPS)
• KNIGHT - mounted warriors who received FIEFS for defending their lord's land
• PEASANTS(mostly SERFS) - landless, powerless, moneyless, right-less; just working the land for "the man" (their lord)
• MANOR: the lord's estate
• the lord's manor house
• a church
• some workshops
• 15-30 families
• all on a few square miles
• good news: its a self-sufficient community
• bad news: its harsh if you're a peasant
• PEASANTS ARE POOR AND HIGH TAXES 
• tax on grian 
• tax on marriage
• church...(that's as far as we got today

Rome Test

Today we took a big test on Rome, and basically it was the 40 question test with stuff added to it, and we all got our grades back before the end of class. For the rest of class, we were allowed to do whatever, and i was doing my Brain Flex for Mr. Perry that's due next Friday.

Rome Fades Away

• 2 emperors
• Diocletian
• he rules from 284-303
• its cool to persecute Christians
• Rome needs a big army (4,000 strong)
• Rome needs a big government (20,000 officials)
• Constantine 
• rules from 306-337
• its cool to BE a Christian
• conversion to Christianity via a cross in the sky (conquer by this!)
• 313 - his Edict of Milan proclaims freedom of worship
• built a new capital in the East
• Byzantium, soon to be known as Constantinople 
• Edict of Milan
• a proclamation that gave religious toleration for Christianity
• the political agreement concluded in Milan between the Roman emperors Constantine 1 and Licinius in February 313
• life in the Fourth century:
• country dwellers are getting bankrupted by tax collection
• new farming system: peasants work for elite landlords on large farms
• peasants can avoid paying taxes, but they are getting hit just as hard by the landlords
• paying off debts and being "allowed" to live on the land, in exchange for endless back-breaking work (such a deal!)
• landowners hold local power as counts and bishops, wielding more real power than the faraway empire
• foreshadowing feudalism
• Rome's power is decreasing, while nomadic barbarians  gain power
• Western Empire is too poor, begins to be neglected 
• Huns migrate from China to eastern Europe
• Visigoths take over Spain, and actually capture and loot Rome itself in 410
• Vandals control Carthage and the western Mediterranean 
• Other barbarian tribes:
• Ostrogoths in Italy
• Franks in Gaul
• Angles and Saxons in Britain 
• from the beginning:
• 500 BC - the monarchy is abolished
• 450 BC - the Twelve Tables are established
• through the glory days:
• 44 BC - end of the line for Julius Caesar
• 27 BC - 180 AD - the Roman Peace (pax romana)
• to the bitter end:
• constant fifth century invasions by barbarian tribes left the western Roman Empire shattered and crumbling
• the last emperor was a teenage boy installed in 475 by his father
• barbarians deposed Romulus Augustulus without bothering to kill him

The decline of the Roman Empire

• Jesus' followers believe he is the Messiah and Savior who has risen from the dead
• Saul (the persecutor) becomes Paul (the evangelist), spreading Jesus' message (one true God, not Roman gods)
• Christianity evolves from cult status to established, official structure.
• Priest, bishops, pope (Bishop of Rome)
• Christians and Jews were monotheistic (believing in one god)
• this conflicted with Roman beliefs
• persecution against both was common 
• Christianity appealed to the poor, and since there were many poor, their numbers grew
• as it grew, even some Roman leaders embraced Christianity
• AD 313: Constantine has a battlefield conversion
• He issues the Edict of Milan
• Not only no persecution, but actual approval of Christianity, eventually making it the official religion of Rome
• the Roman Empire and Christianity are now linked in power and influence

Test!

We took a test, and our average was 87.5%, and everyone was pretty much happy with their grades. It was a large test, and I felt pretty bad about it until i saw my grade. We pretty much did that for the whole class.

Test tomorrow

• City-State and Empire - the Roman Republic
• where did the first Indo-Europeans settle around 750 BC?
• shores of the Tiber River, in the low-lying "Seven Hills" of central Italy.
• what three groups of people dominated the culture of early Rome?
• Latins (came in first), Etruscans, Greeks
• who was Tarquin the Proud, and what was so significant about him?
• last of the Etruscan kings.
• describe how Rome moved from a monarchy to a republic
• ruled by kings, advised by rich patricians, after Tarquin the govt. became res publica or a republic
• describe difference between a patrician and a plebeian
• patrician: upper-class, landowning, established, connected, powerful. 
• Plebeian: common people, workers, small-time farmers, some wealthy non-patricians
• define:
• senate: govt. assembly of 300 (unpaid) patricians
• consuls: two senators who led the govt. and military for one-year terms, could veto each other
• tribunes: leaders of the plebeian assembly; first rather powerless, gaining ground over the years
• what is so important about the Twelve Tables?
• marked the 1st time that laws were written down in Rome
• set up to protect plebeians who were getting pushed around by patricians
• publicly displayed in the Forum
• the Roman Republic serves as a model for what modern document, and what modern govt.?
• the Constitution of the US and its separation of powers
• Senate / Assemblies - US Senate / House of Reps/Consuls / Dictator - Pres. of the US / senate could act like judges - like our Supreme Court
• why only the rich could serve in the Senate?
• members were not paid, but worked their way up from low-ranking magistrates to higher ones. they meed to spend a lot to look good, popular, and powerful, making them electable. Plebes couldn't afford to do that.
• the kings who ruled between 600 and 500 BC ordered the building of Forum, Rome's Political center.

Rome!

All we did today was go over some of the notes that we went over on Friday, and added some notes, and we listened to Mr Schick sh peal about all of it. we had the long class, and it is the longest class of my life, and all we did was take notes about Rome.

• Paul is instrumental in telling the world about Jesus' life, death, resurrection, and message.
• he travels far and wide: Cyprus, Anatolia, Athens, Corinth, Macedonia, Rome, Jerusalem, and maybe even Spain and Britain.
• he writes letters to many of those he spoke to - these epistles are a part of the New Testament.
• if not for the efforts of Paul, it is likely that Jesus remains an obscure preacher, instead of the central figure of the world's largest religion.
• Caligula - good start
• in addition to being Germanicus' son, he was Tiberius' adopted grandson and great-nephew 
• putting him next in line for emperor
• he started off well: granting bonuses to those in the military, declaring treason trials a thing of the past, and made government spending a matter of public record
• all in all, the first seven months of Caligula's reign were "completely blissful" (according to the historian Philo)... then... 
• ...bad finish for Caligula
• he began to fight with the Senate
• he claimed to be a god, and had statues displayed in many places - including the Jewish temple in Jerusalem (sacrilege!)
• other examples of cruelty and insanity: he slept with other men's wives and bragged about it, indulged in too much spending and sex, and even tried to make his horse a consul and a priest (at least that's what his critics said)
• assassinated by his own aides, AD 41 (aged 28)
• next in line: Clausius
• Ostracized by his family because of his disabilities (limp, slight deafnes, possible speech impendiment - thought to be cerebral palsy or polio), he was the last adult male in his family when Caligula was killed
• he rose to the occasion: he conquered Britain; he built roads, canals, and aqueducts; he renovated the Circus Maximus
• had an awful marriage to Messalina, who was quite often unfaithful to him, even plotting to seize power for her lover Silius through a coup - so Claudius had them killed
• meanwhile - religious troubles
• Christianity and Judaism: monotheistic
• Romans had many gods, plus at times the emperor was viewed as a god
• AD 66: a group of Jews called the Zealots tried to rebel, but Roman troops put them down and burned their temple (except for one wall)
• the Western Wall today is the holiest of all Jewish shrines
• half a million Jews died in the rebellion
• Persecution of Christians
• Romans were harsh toward those who would not worship the emperor
• especially Christians, who were viewed as followers of a new, upstart religion (cult)
• often used for "entertainment" purposes in the Colosseum (thrown to the lions, etc.)
• despite the oppression, Christianity grew quickly - by AD 200, around 100 percent of the people in the Roman empire were Christians.  

Notes

Today we were supposed to take a test, but Mr. Schick wasn't here so we don't have to take the test. Here are the notes for today:

• Caesar declared himself dictator, but he wasn't of terror, like Sulla, but he didn't show any signs of giving up high position like Sulla.
• in the west, the native languages of conquered European barbarian peoples began to be replaced by Latin
• In the East, Egyptian hieroglyphic writing fell out of use. 
• the empire's gods and goddesses came from Egypt and other lands of the eastern Mediterranean or beyond the empire's eastern frontier, and the language of the new Latin speakers began a lengthy evolution into the Latin languages of the present day.
• Caesar's murder did not restore the Republic; instead, his death produced yet another crop of warlords and yet more bouts of civil war.
• Mark Antony and Octavian were rival loyalists of Caesar, and each managed to attract some of Caesar's legions, which they used to fight a brutal war against each other in Italy.
•   the triumvirs declared that they intend to "restore the Republic", but they also had the Senate proclaim Julius Caesar a "Divine Being" -- not quite a god like Jupiter, but far above any ordinary mortal.
• princeps: "first citizen", a traditional Roman name for prominent leaders who were considered indispensable to the Republic that came to be used by Augustus and other early emperors.

That's as far as I got in class.

Movie

Today we watched a movie about a crazy, maybe needing to go to a mental hospital, and he was determined to re-build Rome after the 6 day fire. That's pretty much it.

The Roman Empire

• Ides of March: Julius Caesar was stabbed to death 23 times by the senate.
• Octavian - AKA Caesar Augustus
• Augustus - the first emperor - getting it done
• begins the pax romana - a period of peace and prosperity
• built roads, aqueducts (brought water to the cities)
• set up civil service to take care of roads, the grain supply, even a postal service
• Augustus dies at age 76 in A.D. 14, and passes power to...
• Tiberius.
• but first, a word about Jesus. And Paul.
• Jesus was a Roman citizen and a practicing Jew
• At 30, he began his ministry (A.D. 31 - 33), preaching to the poor (and there were lots of 'em) in the empire, and reaching out to outsiders
• Statements like "My kingdom is not of this world" made the Romans (and the Jews) nervous, and they began to plan his execution
• the governor of the Roman province of Judaea, Pontius Pilate (prompted by Jewish high priests), sentences Jesus to death by crucifixion

That's how far we got in class.

Julius Caesar

We were underlining a bunch of stuff today and here they are:

• crossing the Rubicon: after you are content and committed to something, there is no turning back. the Rubicon River was a river in between Rome (the actual city), and other enemy cities.
• He was very powerful, but the poor people liked him, the assembly liked him, and the soldiers liked him, the only ones who didn't really like him were the senate.
• Proletarian: In ancient Rome,a propertyless but voting citizen.
• With the changes in Rome's society and politics, the character of its armies and their commanders also changed.
• Instead of the farmer-soldiers of old, it was now landless and propertyless proletarians who were drafted to fill the ranks of the legions.
• But Rome's citizen-soldiers were now "semi-professionals" who fought largely in the hope of bettering themselves through pay, loot, promotion, and above all grants of land or money to provide them with a living when they were discharged.
• Julius Caesar came from an old patrician family that had come down in the world, and he entered the city's politics as a young man determined to regain the fame and power of his ancestors.
• In the socials struggles, he sided with the poorer citizens and used his influence with them to advance his own cause.
• In 60 B.C. he began to collaborate Gnaeus Pompeius (Pompey), an offer promoted by Sulla who had conquered many eastern Mediterranean lands.
• triumvirate: In ancient Rome, an alliance of three politicians that enabled them to control the Republic's decision making.
• 
  

Presentations cont.

Today there was a lot more people that presented, and my group was the last one to go. We made Roman Pancakes, fruit, and a honey sauce that was pretty good. I feel pretty confident in our project. The PowerPoint, I didn't choose, Bella did, and it was really cool. It looked kind of like a Roman book. Delaney did letters, and they looked really cool. I can tell she put work into it. I think that everyone had a good imagination with this project.

Presenting

Today we started to present our projects, and I ate some cookies that were pretty good, and a piece of I think it was cake, that wasn't very good but I ate it all anyway 'cause who wants to waste food? We pretty much only had enough time to get in two projects because the group with Andrew, Sung, JP, and Arri couldn't get their presentations up. So, Erica's group and Mattson went, and in the last 3 minutes of class we got Wheels in.

Test

Honestly, I thought that we would have an open blog test, but we didn't. I felt like I failed the test, but actually I got a 79 on it, and i'm happy with that. Although, I'm not happy that if I had gotten one more question right I would have gotten a B on it.

Some More Rome

Today we went over the test questions, and I have a strong feeling it is open blog which is totally fine with me. I think its open blog because we have two weeks to learn about Rome and Mr. Schicks been giving us hints like to detail our blogs and stuff. Here are the notes for today:

• They were a Roman Legion
• in an area had about 5000 soldiers
• part infantry (on foot)
• part cavalry (on horseback)
• groups of 80 - called century or centuries
• Flank left/flank right/flank center
•  Punic war:

             ○1st - Sicily//super strategic//Rome won

             ○ 2nd - Hannibal/ Cartheginian General// went the long/back/sneaky way in//Rome            won

             ○ 3rd - Romans saying - Rome had enough//not going to wait for Carriage to attack//Rome destroyed everything//not a stone on top of another stone

             ○ Romans winning this series of wars shaped our culture//if the Romans didn't win, we would be speaking a different language//probably wouldn't be Catholic

     ● where is Carriage located?

             ○ Northwestern Africa 

Rome

Today is my birthday, and Mr. Schick had everyone to sing happy birthday, which honestly was a little embarrassing. I don't want to hurt anybody's feelings, but I just didn't expect that. I also got to wear the birthday hat, but it was bothering me so I took it off. for the rest of class, we watched a few movies on the 1st and 2nd  Punic Wars. the guy was talking really fast and his voice was high pitched and annoying, but it sounded a lot like Jessie Eisenberg.

work out of the book

Today we did work out of the book, and there weren't that many notes:

·         Founding of Rome: settled and run by these two twin gentlemen named Remus and Romulus. Weren't raised the same as others, they were raised by a she-wolf.

·         Left to die in the river Tyver.

·         Saved! A she wolf finds and suckles them and a woodpecker feeds them.

·         Remus is killed.

·         Romulus founds the city and named it Rome.

·          

·         Gracchus brothers

·         Elected into the assembly

·         Were always trying to make things better for the poor.

·         If there was an attack or a war, everybody would be in it, the rich and the poor.

·         A lot of times, the poor would get in there and fight and do everything they can for Rome.

·         When they were away, they weren’t there to help

·         Left to the women and the kids to work and farm.

·         Sometimes you would have some of the rich people that were too old, and they would offer to buy the land

·         Women didn’t want to sell the land, but husband was away for a while, so they would sell it.

·         Not quite slavery, but almost (the people that sold the lands, were going to work for miserable wages).

·         Men would come back from war, and would find that they had been stripped from their property.

·         Horrible thing to do to the middle and lower classmen when the men were away.

·         Gracchus brothers – rich were already rich, so they were saying you have more land than you know what to do with, why don’t you give some of the land back to the people, you will still be very rich, but why don’t you give some of the land back? They were fighting in war for Rome!

·         Gracchus brothers made appeal in the senate, tried to approve it, but senators vetoed it, but eventually the Gracchus brothers won. But, one of the Gracchus brothers was beat to death with a chair and thrown in the Tigris River.

·         The latifundia: big estates that the rich managed to cumulate

·         Opportunity to take more land, taking advantage of it.

·         The Punic Wars

·          

·          

·         Roman methods of conquest and administration paid handsome dividends, for by 250 B.C., all of Italy south of the River Po was in Roman hands.

·         This success brought Rome in collision with a rival city-state beyond the sea: Carthage, on the coast of Africa.

·         Carthage became an oligarch and empire-building republic similar to Rome and had spread its influence across North Africa, southern Spain, Sardinia, Corsica, and Sicily.

·         It was the Carthaginians’ interest in Sicily, lying between Africa and Italy, than brought them to conflict with the Romans.

·         The Punic wars (from Poeni, the Latin name for the Phoenicians) were waged on land and sea in three vicious rounds between 264 and 146 B.C.

·         1^st phase: Rome was able to force Carthage out of Sicily, but the North African city kept the rest of its empire.

·         2^nd phase: Carthaginian General Hannibal invaded Italy, defeated several Roman armies, and brought Rome to the brink of defeat.

·         3^rd phase (war): Carthage was captured after bitter fighting. The final act of vengeance, the Senate ordered the city to be leveled, its people sold into slavery, and even the ground on which it had stood to be solemnly cursed.

·         It was not until the time of Augustus, after 27 B.C., that the provinces began to share in the benefits of Roman order.

·         The result of absorbing kingdoms into empires was a spectacular increase in the pace of expansion.

·          

Rome

Today we went a little deeper with Rome than yesterday, and we were taking some notes about it. I left my notebook at  school, but I didn't have many notes. We were comparing the Roman government to the US government, and I thought it was kind of cool to see that our government system is so much like the Roman government system.

Going over the test

So, I did better than I thought I did, I got an 80, and that's okay with me. Going over the test is all we did today, and then we started Rome, and 1. I have the notes in another unfinished blog, but I'm not finished with it because I 2. Forgot my western civ book at school, so I can't finish it.

Test

Today we took a test, and it was open blog. I still feel like i failed, because I 1. didn't study as much as I should have, and 2. I didn't have the 58 point Greek quiz study guide on my blog. I guess i'll see if I passed or failed soon.

Movie

Today we watched the second part of the movie for the second time, to "review" for the test tomorrow. Mr. Schick was pausing the video and asking questions throughout it, and he said that we did pretty good. I had a headache the whole day, so I wasn't really into it.

Worksheet

Today we went over the worksheet for the quiz and of course I got picked for the one of the few questions I didn't have, but it's okay 'cause I got it wrong anyway just like I thought. If I get it wrong though, then i can learn. That story we heard about that guy who killed his father was weird, and I feel like that wouldn't have happened if the parents didn't get rid of their baby in the first place.

grading

Today we were grading each other's projects, and why we gave them that grade.  Some people were absent, and we gave them grades but they don't know what grades we gave them. Mr. Schick graded by himself, but he wanted to see what we would give for a grade. I gave myself an 80, because I didn't have a video, it wasn't in color, and I didn't have as much information as I feel like I should have. I did get a better grade than I thought that I would've gotten, and i'm good with that.

in-school Cyber Day

Today for class we went to the gym, and for the whole time, and some people were studying for different classes, and that was the whole class. Mr. Ireton was our "sub" and i realized that you can only sit on the bleachers one way to be comfortable. But after a while, your legs get cramped up and it hurts.

Cyber Day.

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Greece?
1. peninsula      b. many islands     c. mountainous                d. mostly fertile land

2. Approximately ___________ of Greece is covered by mountains.
1. 2/3                  b. 3/4                         c. 1/2                          d. 1/4

3. Define the term barbarian as it was originally used in the ancient world.

a.     The Greeks first used this term to describe those foreigners that they could not understand, but seemed to be saying "bar bar" when speaking.

b.     A group of people that is able to quickly adapt to the new environment in which they arrive despite speaking a foreign tongue.

c.      A group of people migrating into a territory where they do not speak the native tongue.

d.     A life based upon farming, warfare, and tribal organization.

e.     The word came from the Greek "barbaros," which originally meant "Non-Greek."

4.     What defines a megalithic structure?

a.     Homes that were constructed for people during the Neolithic period

b.     Fortifications constructed for people during the Neolithic period

c.      Massive rough-cut stones used to construct monuments and tombs

d.     Giant dinosaurs whose fossil remains were visible to ancient peoples

e.     Evidence of advanced technological tools

5.     What does the term tribe refer to?

a.      A social and political unit consisting of a group of communities held together by common interests, traditions, and real or mythical ties of kinship

b.      A family-based group governed by a hereditary chieftain

c.       A clan-based group prior to the advent of city-states in the Greek world

d.      A group of warriors, related by blood, who are governed by a king or queen

e.      All of these

6. Tribes were governed by
1. Warrior kings or queens                                        d.  all of these
2. Chieftains                                                                  e.  none of these
3. Tribal leaders chosen by warriors

7. Who were the first European barbarians to make contact with civilization?
1. Greeks                                                                       d.  Phoenicians
2. Hittites                                                                      e.  people of Asian Minor
3. Celts

8. Which of the following modern-day countries would NOT be considered a member of “Western civilization”?
1. Greece                                                                        d.  Italy
2. England                                                                     e.  United States
3. China

9. What is the name of the sea located just west of the Greek mainland?
1. Mediterranean Sea                                                  d.  Ionian Sea
2. Aegean Sea                                                                e.  Chesapeake Bay
3. Atlantic Ocean

10. What is the name of the sea located just east of the Greek mainland?
1. Mediterranean Sea                                                  d.  Ionian Sea
2. Aegean Sea                                                                e.  Chesapeake Bay
3. Atlantic Ocean

11. What were the major crops the Aegean people lived on?
1. Rice, vines, and olives
2. Potatoes, vines, and olives
3. Grain, vines, and olives
4. Onions, wheat, and beer
5. Corn, wheat, and rice

12. Which civilization arose on the island of Crete?
1. Mycenaean                                                                d.  Persian
2. Minoan                                                                      e.  Phoenician
3. Spartan

13. Which civilization established settlements along the Greek mainland’s southern shore and on some islands?
1. Mycenaean                                                                d.  Persian
2. Minoan                                                                      e.  Phoenician
3. Spartan 

14. Which civilization built massive walls to protect themselves from attack?
1. Mycenaean                                                                d.  Persian
2. Minoan                                                                      e.  Phoenician
3. Spartan

15. A period of Greek history in which the population dropped, ships no longer sailed, and writing fell out of use, is called the
1. First Persian War                                                    d.  Dark Ages
2. Megalithic Destruction                                          e.  none of these
3. Collapse of Crete

16. Following this time period, the Greeks joined which group as the leading commercial and seafaring nation of the Mediterranean?
1. Etruscans                                                                  d.  Persians
2. Egyptians                                                                   e.  Phoenicians
3. Hittites

17. In historical writing, the letter “c” might appear before a date, as in “c. 1500 BC.”  What does this “c” mean?
1. around                                                                       d.  all of these
2. about                                                                          e.  none of these
3. circa

18. By 600 BC, Greek city-states dotted the coastlines around the Mediterranean Sea.  These were called
1. colonies                                                                     d.  hoplites
2. demos                                                                         e.  megaliths
3. Starbucks

19. Although they varied in size, ancient Greek city-states most closely resembled what modern-day geographical feature?
1. cities                                                                           d.  nations
2. counties                                                                     e.  continents
3. states

20.  This is a form of government in which a small group of citizens dominated, and the power of the majority was limited in various ways.
1. democracy                                                                 c.  oligarchy
2. monarchy                                                                  d.  tyranny

21. This is a form of government in which decisions were made by the majority of adult male citizens.
1. democracy                                                                 c.  oligarchy
2. monarchy                                                                  d.  tyranny 

22. This is a form of government in which a self-proclaimed dictator held power.
1. democracy                                                                 c.  oligarchy
2. monarchy                                                                  d.  tyranny

23. This is a form of government in which power is held by a single ruler, and is often passed along from father to son.
1. democracy                                                                 c.  oligarchy
2. monarchy                                                                  d.  tyranny

24. Spartans used this government system.
1. democracy                                                                 c.  oligarchy
2. monarchy                                                                  d.  tyranny

25. At what age did Spartan males begin their military training?
1. seven                                                                          d.  eighteen
2. twelve                                                                                    e.  twenty-one
3. fifteen

26. What was the wealthiest city-state in the ancient Greek world?
1. Athens                                                                       d.  Sparta
2. Thebes                                                                       e.  Argos
3. Corinth

27. This was the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town.
1. Parthenon                                                                 d.  helos
2. Pantheon                                                                  e.  polites
3. acropolis

28. This was the name of the southern peninsula where Sparta was located.
1. Anatolia                                                                     d.  Stonehenge
2. Mt. Olympus                                                             e.  Peloponnesus
3. Crete

29. These were massive fighting ships with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships.
1. phalanxes                                                                  d.  biremes
2. hoplites                                                                      e.  triremes
3. tyrants

30. This was a heavily armed and armored citizen-soldier of ancient Greece.
1. phalanx                                                                      d.  bireme
2. hoplite                                                                       e.  trireme
3. tyrant

  

Short answer.    

1. You recall the time period when the Greek population dropped, ships no longer sailed, and writing fell out of use.  What years did this period begin and end?

This time period was called the Dark Ages, and this was around the time of 1150 B.C to 750 B.C.

2. During the time period when writing fell out of use, the poet Homer is said to have told stories of the Trojan War, and of a war hero attempting to return to his home.  What are the titles of these two stories?

The two stories were called the Odyssey and the Iliad.

3. The word “Mediterranean” originally meant __middle of the land__ .

4. What were prominent and long-established Athenian land-owners called?

The prominent and long-established Athenian land-owners were called the Aristocrats.