work out of the book

Today we did work out of the book, and there weren't that many notes:

·         Founding of Rome: settled and run by these two twin gentlemen named Remus and Romulus. Weren't raised the same as others, they were raised by a she-wolf.

·         Left to die in the river Tyver.

·         Saved! A she wolf finds and suckles them and a woodpecker feeds them.

·         Remus is killed.

·         Romulus founds the city and named it Rome.

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·         Gracchus brothers

·         Elected into the assembly

·         Were always trying to make things better for the poor.

·         If there was an attack or a war, everybody would be in it, the rich and the poor.

·         A lot of times, the poor would get in there and fight and do everything they can for Rome.

·         When they were away, they weren’t there to help

·         Left to the women and the kids to work and farm.

·         Sometimes you would have some of the rich people that were too old, and they would offer to buy the land

·         Women didn’t want to sell the land, but husband was away for a while, so they would sell it.

·         Not quite slavery, but almost (the people that sold the lands, were going to work for miserable wages).

·         Men would come back from war, and would find that they had been stripped from their property.

·         Horrible thing to do to the middle and lower classmen when the men were away.

·         Gracchus brothers – rich were already rich, so they were saying you have more land than you know what to do with, why don’t you give some of the land back to the people, you will still be very rich, but why don’t you give some of the land back? They were fighting in war for Rome!

·         Gracchus brothers made appeal in the senate, tried to approve it, but senators vetoed it, but eventually the Gracchus brothers won. But, one of the Gracchus brothers was beat to death with a chair and thrown in the Tigris River.

·         The latifundia: big estates that the rich managed to cumulate

·         Opportunity to take more land, taking advantage of it.

·         The Punic Wars

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·         Roman methods of conquest and administration paid handsome dividends, for by 250 B.C., all of Italy south of the River Po was in Roman hands.

·         This success brought Rome in collision with a rival city-state beyond the sea: Carthage, on the coast of Africa.

·         Carthage became an oligarch and empire-building republic similar to Rome and had spread its influence across North Africa, southern Spain, Sardinia, Corsica, and Sicily.

·         It was the Carthaginians’ interest in Sicily, lying between Africa and Italy, than brought them to conflict with the Romans.

·         The Punic wars (from Poeni, the Latin name for the Phoenicians) were waged on land and sea in three vicious rounds between 264 and 146 B.C.

·         1^st phase: Rome was able to force Carthage out of Sicily, but the North African city kept the rest of its empire.

·         2^nd phase: Carthaginian General Hannibal invaded Italy, defeated several Roman armies, and brought Rome to the brink of defeat.

·         3^rd phase (war): Carthage was captured after bitter fighting. The final act of vengeance, the Senate ordered the city to be leveled, its people sold into slavery, and even the ground on which it had stood to be solemnly cursed.

·         It was not until the time of Augustus, after 27 B.C., that the provinces began to share in the benefits of Roman order.

·         The result of absorbing kingdoms into empires was a spectacular increase in the pace of expansion.

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