Test

Today we took a test and it was the last test of the 4th quarter. If we didn't have final exams that would've been the last test of the year. We have two days of school left, and then it's on to the exams. It was a two hour late bell and I didn't finish my lunch so I had to bring it to class with me, but I still didn't finish it because we had to take the test and my fries were cold by then.

going over stuff for the test tomorrow

These are the test questions for tomorrow:

• AD 476 to AD 1453 Middle Ages
• this new society has roots in:
• classical heritage of Rome 
• beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
• customs of various Germanic tribes
• overrun the western halp of the Roman Empire causing:
• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• population shifts to rural areas
• decline of learning
• tribes had oral tradition, songs, but couldn't read Greek or Latin
• Romance languages evolve (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian)
• few besides priests were literate
• Germanic warriors' loyalty is to the lord of the manor he provides them with food, weapons, treasure. Result:
• no orderly govt. for large areas
• small communities rule
• Clovis rules the Germani people of Gaul, known as the Franks.
• in 496 he has a  battlefield conversion - he and 3000 of his warriors become Christians
• the Church in Rome likes this
• by 511 the Franks are united into one kingdom, with Clovis and the Church working as partners
• in 520, Benedict writes rules for monks:
• vows of poverty (live simply in monasteries)
• chastity (no material relations)
• obedience (listen to church superiors)
• his sister Scholastica writes similar rules for nuns
• they operate schools, maintain libraries, copy books
• Church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads, and raise armies. this is a theocracy.
• ost of the rest of Europe consists of smaller kingdoms
• Hammer defeats a Muslim raiding party from Span at the Battle of Tours

Germanic Kingdoms Unite under Charlemagne

So basically for the class we went over the same stuff that we did before on the slides throughout the week.

• 476-1453 AD: Romulus Augustulus: 13 year old emperor was told to step down, deposed as emperor. no more emperor, no more empire.
• this new society has roots in:
• classical heritage of Rome
• beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
• customs of various Germanic tribes
• overturn the western half of the Roman empire
• causing: (TEST QUESTION)
• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• population shifts to rural areas,
• decline of learning
• tribes had oral tradition, songs, but couldn't read Greek or Latin
• Romance languages evolve (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian)
• few besides priests were literate
• Germanic warriors' loyalty is to the lord of the manor he provides them w/food, weapons, treasure
• result:
• no orderly government for large areas
• small communities rule
• Clovis rules the Germanic people of Gaul, known as the Franks (which is where "France" comes from)
• in 496 he has a battlefield conversion-he and 3000 of his warriors became Christians
• the Church in Rome likes this
• by 511 the Franks are united into one kingdom, with Clovis and the Church working as partners
• Church + Frankish rulers  = rise in Christianity
• in 520, Benadict writes rules for monks:
• vows of poverty (live simply in monasteries)
• chastity (no marital relations)
• obedience (listen to church superiors)
• Pope Gregory 1 ( Gregory the Great) goes secular (worldly power)
• church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads, and raise armies
• this is a theocracy
• Gregory's spiritual kingdom (Christendom) extends from Italy to England, from Spain to Germany
• Clovis rules  the Franks in Gaul until his death in 511.
• most of the rest of Europe consists of smaller kingdoms (seven in England alone)
• Clovis' desendants include Charles Martel, known as Charles the Hammer (great name!)
• Hammer defeats a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732
• (if he hadn't won, western Europe could have become part of the Muslim Empire - that's huge!)
• Charles Martel's son is Pepin the Short
• he works with the church and is named "king" by the grace of God by the pope (Popes do that?)
• Pepin the Short dies in 768, leaving two sons
• Son #1 - Carloman - dies in 771
• Son #2 - is Charles, known as Charlemagne, meaning Charles the Great
• six feet four inches of rocking ruling warrior greatness!
• Treaty of Verdun - the three grandsons of Charlemagne split the empire up into three parts 

More Middle Ages

• describe how Christianity evolved from a "cult" into the full huge biggest religion in the world. (ESSAY QUESTION)
• a European Empire Evolves
• Franks control largest European kingdom
• the Roman province formerly known as Gaul
• Ruled by Clovis - the Merovingian Dynasty
• Major domo - mayor of the palace - ruled the kingdom
• Charles Martel - Charles the Hammer
• extended the Franks' reign to the north, south, and east.
• defeated a Muslim army from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732 - historic battle!
• (that's as far as we got)

Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne

Main idea: many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire
Why it matters now!: Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout northern Europe, which is where many of us came from.
Middle Ages = medieval period
500 - 1500 AD
medieval Europe is fragmented
1. invasions and constant warfare spark trends
     a. disruption of trade
          i. Europe's cities are no longer economic centers
          ii. money is scarce
     b. downfall of cities
          i. cities are no longer centers of administration
     c. population shifts
          i. nobles retreat to the rural areas
          ii. cities don't have strong leadership
2.invasions trigger changes in western Europe (cont.)
     a. decline of learning
          i. Germanic invaders are illiterate, but they communicate through oral tradition
          ii. only priests and church officials could read and write
          iii. Knowledge of Greek (and literature, science, philosophy) is almost lost
     b. loss of a common language
          i. dialects develop...
3. Germanic kingdoms emerge
     a. the concept of govt. changes
          i. Roman society: loyal to public govt.
          ii. Germanic society: loyal to family
               1. Germanic chief led warriors
               2. during peace, he provided food, weapons, treasure, a place to live (the lord's hall)
               3. During wartime, warriors fought for the lord
          iii. "the king? who's that? you want to collect taxes from me? who the hech are you?"
          IV. franks live in the Roman province of Gaul - their leader is Clovis
     b. the Franks under Clovis
          i. another battlefield conversion! (just like Constantine!)
          ii. Clovis and 3000 of his warriors are baptized by the bishop
          iii. the church in Rome approves of this "alliance"
          IV. Clovis and the church begin to work together
4. Germanic peoples adopt Christianity
     a. 511 AD - Clovis unites Franks into one kingdom
     b. 600 AD - church + Frankish rulers convert many
     c. fear of Muslims in southern Europe spur many to become Christians
     4. Monasteries and convents
          i. 520 AD - Benedict wrote the rules for monks and monasteries
               1. poverty, chastity, obedience, study
          ii. his sister Scholastica did the same for nuns...
     5. (pope) Gregory 1 expands papal power
          a. papacy=pope's office
          b. secular power=worldly power
          c. so... under Gregory the great...
papal power (power of the pope) is political power.
presented from the pope's palace
          d. the church can use church money to:
               raise armies
               repair roads
               help the poor
          e. Gregory the Great began to act as mayor of Rome, and as head of an earthly kingdom (Christendom)

Middle Ages

• feudalism: a political, military and economic system based on land-holding and protected alliances.
• in other words: the system is based on personal loyalty to people who can help you
• rich dude (lord): "I own land; I need people to help me work and defend it."
• tough dudes (vassals): "There are a lot of us, we can help the rich dudes hold onto their land."
• (in order)
• KING
• the most powerful VASSALS (NOBLES and BISHOPS)
• KNIGHT - mounted warriors who received FIEFS for defending their lord's land
• PEASANTS(mostly SERFS) - landless, powerless, moneyless, right-less; just working the land for "the man" (their lord)
• MANOR: the lord's estate
• the lord's manor house
• a church
• some workshops
• 15-30 families
• all on a few square miles
• good news: its a self-sufficient community
• bad news: its harsh if you're a peasant
• PEASANTS ARE POOR AND HIGH TAXES 
• tax on grian 
• tax on marriage
• church...(that's as far as we got today

Rome Test

Today we took a big test on Rome, and basically it was the 40 question test with stuff added to it, and we all got our grades back before the end of class. For the rest of class, we were allowed to do whatever, and i was doing my Brain Flex for Mr. Perry that's due next Friday.